Sultan Selim III essays

Sultan Selim III essays I am Selim III, one of the Sultans of the Ottoman Empire. I am a successor of my father, Mustafa III. I have eleven wives but had no children. During my reign of eighteen years, I experienced victories, but also suffered many severe defeats. I came to throne during the war with Austria and Russia and created the Turkish army, navy and infantry units. I was imprisoned by those who opposed my reformation and I was killed soon after I was dethroned. I have led the Ottoman Empire with fair and justice. I was born in Istanbul on 24th of December, 1761. I was the son of Sultan Mustafa III and Mihrisah Sultana. Soon after I was born, my father died leaving me as his successor. Since I was much too young to be a sultan, my uncle, Abdulhamid I, ascended the throne in place of my father. He took good care of me and put great emphasis on my education. I grew up becoming very well educated. After my uncles death, I was enthroned on 7th April, 1789 in my 28th year. I am a very religious and I consider myself as a patriotic young man. I was fond of literature and calligraphy. My work was put on the walls of mosques and convents. People think I am a talented poet, musician and a composer. I also speak Arabic and Persian fluently. My people respect me and they are hopeful about my administrations. As a modern man and reformist ruler, I attempted to reform and modernise the Empire. I have led many of his armed forces in battles and wars. I suffer severe defeats in the second Russo-Turkish Wars with Catherine II, but I suffered no major territorial losses when peace was made at Jassy in 1792. As a keen and reformist ruler, I set out to rebuild the Turkish navy on European lines and to reform the army. In 1798, I joined the second coalition against France in the French Revolutionary Wars. Turkish forces lost Jaffa to Napoleon Bonaparte. Napoleon had invaded Syria in 1799 and took over Egypt, but I forced Napoleon to retreat. In 1806 wa ...

Henry T. Sampsons Patents Power Rockets and Satellites

Henry T. Sampson's Patents Power Rockets and Satellites Its all rocket science for black American inventor Henry T. Sampson Jr., a brilliant and accomplished nuclear engineer and aerospace engineering pioneer. He co-invented the gamma-electrical cell, which directly converts nuclear energy into electricity and helps power satellites and space exploration missions. He also holds patents on solid rocket motors. Education Henry Sampson was born in Jackson, Mississippi. He attended Morehouse College and then transferred to Purdue University, where he received a Bachelor of Science degree in 1956. He graduated with an MS degree in engineering from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1961. Sampson continued his post-graduate education at the  University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign  and received his MS in Nuclear Engineering in 1965. When he received his Ph.D. at that university in 1967, he was the first black American to receive one in Nuclear Engineering in the United States. Navy and Professional Career Sampson was employed as a research chemical engineer at the U.S. Naval Weapons Center at  China Lake in California. He specialized in the area of high energy solid propellants and case bonding materials for solid rocket motors. He has said in interviews that this was one of the few places that would hire a black engineer at that time. Sampson also served as the Director of Mission Development and Operations of the Space Test Program at the Aerospace Corporation in El Segundo, California. The gamma-electrical cell he co-invented with George H. Miley directly converts high-energy gamma rays into electricity, providing a long-lasting power source for satellites and long-range space exploration missions. He won the 2012 Entrepreneur of the Year Award from the  Friends of Engineering, Computer Science and Technology, California State University Los Angeles. In  2009, he received the Outstanding Chemical Engineer Award from Purdue University. As an interesting side note, Henry Sampson is also a writer and film historian who wrote a book entitled, Blacks in Black and White: A SourceBook on Black Films. Patents Here is the patent abstract for US patent #3,591,860 for a Gamma-Electrical Cell issued to Henry Thomas Sampson and George H Miley on 7/6/1971. This patent can be viewed in its entirety online or in person at the United States Patent and Trademark Office. A patent abstract is written by the inventor to briefly describe what his or her invention is and what it does. Abstract: The present invention relates to a gamma-electric cell  for producing a high-output  voltage from a source of radiation wherein the gamma-electric cell includes a central collector constructed of a dense metal with the central  collector encapsulated within an outer layer of dielectric material. A further conductive layer is then disposed on or within the dielectric material so as to provide  for a high voltage output between the conductive layer and the central collector upon the reception of radiation by the gamma-electric cell. The invention also includes the use of a plurality of collectors radiating from the central collector throughout the dielectric material so as to increase the collection area and thereby increase the current and/or output voltage. Henry Sampson also received patents for a binder system for propellants and explosives and a case bonding system for cast composite propellants. Both inventions are related to solid rocket motors. He used high-speed photography to study the internal ballistics of solid rocket motors.

Tort Law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Tort Law - Coursework Example According to Winfield & Jolowicz (Tort, 17th ed. ; WVH Rogers ed), in order to hold the defendant liable for defamation, the claimant has to prove the following elements: 1. The statement must be defamatory; 2. The statement must refer to the claimant; 3. It must be published i.e. communicated to atleast one person other than the claimant. The aforementioned principles as applies to the present context in the following manner: 1. The statement must be defamatory: The statements made by Alex were to the effect of degrading public image of the players and team manager. Besides causing harm to their reputation in public, the statement also tends to raise ethical questions on the players and the team manager and hence lowers them in the public eye. Vide Lord Atkin’s judgement in Sim v. Strech [(1936) 52 TLR 669], it is now the settled position of law that any statement that tends to lower the claimant in the estimation of right thinking members of the society can be defamatory. Th is position has been reemphasised in several of the recent judgements as well. Therefore, it cannot be said that the statement is not defamatory and accordingly, any defence on those lines will be valid, if at all, subject to unique situation of the present case and other factual considerations. 2. The statement must refer to the claimant: In the present context, it is undisputed and clear beyond doubt that the statement made is very specific to few players and the team manager. Hence, provided that a claim is brought by the named few, this element will apply and hold good. 3. The statement must be published: In order to ascertain whether this element can be satisfied in the present context, it is necessary to analyse how ‘publication’ is interpreted at common law over a period of time. The statement vis-vis Alex, is made only to one person other than the claimant. The question therefore is – whether such an act of sharing one’s belief with another person without knowledge of the fact that such beliefs/statements would be published, amounts to ‘publication’. At common law, the element of publication is satisfied even if the defamatory statement is made to one person other than the claimant. In Crossland v. Wilkinson Hardware Stores Ltd. [(2005) EWHC 481 (QB)], it was held that slander, which is defamatory statement made orally, made to one person can have a damaging effect. Having said that, another element that needs consideration is – the potential cause of action. It is a settled principle at common law that chain of causation breaks when a statement made is published as it amounts to repetition [Ward v. Weeks (1830) 7 Bing. N.C. 211 followed in Weld Blundell v. Stephens [(1920) A.C. 945]. Thus, in the present case, there would be two causes of action available to the claimants. The first being statement made by Alex to Barbera; the second being the article published in The Daily Truth. The implications differ depending upon the claimant’s choice of action. The defendant in such cases is not liable for the published article where she did not intend such publication/repetition [Cutler v. McPhail (1962) 2 Q.B. 292]. Thus, if the claimants’ cause of action the newspaper article only, then Alex cannot be held liable as she did not intend repetition or publication of the statements made. II TORTIOUS LIABILITY OF BARBERA A. Factual matrix material to the potential lis 1. Barbera has obtained

Week 9 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Week 9 - Essay Example This is very critical to the audit process. It has been combined with foundational concepts. However, I think that ethics it should be the only matter dealt with in this chapter. Since independence falls under this heading it should also be included. The importance of independence has been stressed in a number of instances and the lack of it has been blamed for a number of events. In relation to independence an auditor should never be required to give an opinion on his own work. If the same auditors are engaged in setting up internal controls inclusive of information controls they may be pressured by their colleagues against reporting on the discovery of major weakness. The auditor engaged in giving an opinion on how management has carried out their responsibilities and giving an opinion should not be engaged in any other activity with the entity. Therefore the standards need to go further in not allowing any other work whatsoever as it certainly will affect independence. This matter should be ted into threats and safeguards. The best safeguard is to quit. There will therefore be no consideration of some of the other matters which relating to the provision of non-audit services. In relation to quality control issues the additional requirement to include systems that address additional areas is a step in the right direction as all areas of an organization should be monitored as they affect the financial and other aspects and are therefore interrelated. If there is no proper leadership then the system of control will break down since management will be ineffective. In terms of the elimination of requirements already included in AICPA this will leave room for additional requirements to be added later. The additional guidance is important as it addresses the need for technical assistance. However, it might have been beneficial for those who prefer to find as much as possible in one place if the rules were not

Modern Tragic Hero Essay -- Character Analysis, Willy Loman

Death of a Salesman, considered as Author Millers most accomplished and successful plays, features the life of Willy Loman, a delusional salesman with a grandiose plan to live the American dream. As a result to the tragic events of Willy Loman’s life starting with his father’s abandonment, and ending with his suicide, Willy Loman never lives the life he has always dreamed. Although, arguably discredited as a tragic hero, Willy Loman attains the qualities essential to credit him as a tragic hero of modern times. Whether or not Willy Loman is a tragic hero in Death of a Salesman’s has been a subject of controversy since the play’s first production. Traditional Aristotelian perception of a tragedy asserts that a tragic hero must be of noble descent by birth or soul (Nienhuis 2). However, Author Miller’s essay â€Å"Tragedy and the Common Man,† appeals the Aristotelian view, and insists â€Å"the flaw, or crack in the character, is really nothing—and need be nothing, but his inherent unwillingness to remain passive in the face of what he conceives to be a challenge to his dignity.† Miller declares that in all tragedies a hero reflects a tragic flaw that need not come only through noble descent but through a fight to stay in one’s position. In the present time, traditional tragedy fails to evoke emotions based on a lack of first-hand experience with heroes of noble rank. Thus, the rank of a character â€Å"no longer raises our passio ns, nor our concepts of justice,† as it would have previously because we do not live in a time ruled by kings and queens (Miller, Tragedy, and the Common Man 3). Today emotions are evoked through the pain and suffering of the common man because as times change so do the persons that people can relate to.... ... considered pathetic. Nevertheless, Willy’s suicide cuts the deep into the emotions causing a feeling of sorrowfulness on his behalf because he vigorously tried to provide a great life for his family and never could. In a final analysis, Willy Loman misses the mark, and does not fit Aristotle’s strict definition of a tragic hero. Despite the ancient definition of a tragic hero, Willy Loman appeals to our emotions, has several tragic flaws, and partially realizes his wrongs. Thus, Willy Loman is a common tragic hero in the present time. Times have drastically changed since Aristotle, and it is time for a change in how a tragic hero is perceived. Arthur Miller provides perfect justification for a common tragic hero he states, â€Å"I believe that the common man is as apt a subject for tragedy in its highest sense as kings were† (Miller, Tragedy, and the Common Man 3).

A Conflicted Society Essay

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the novel â€Å"Things Fall Apart†, Chinua Achebe challenges the reader to actively engage in the analysis of issues raised throughout the text. Achebe brings the issue of tradition versus change to the forefront of Umuofian society for the reader to examine. Achebe shows the reader the gradual downfall of the main character, Okonkwo, through his refusal to accept change in his society. Achebe also brings about the controversial issues dealing with masculinity in Umuofian society. Okonkwo rejects anything that he feels is â€Å"womanly† and thus seals his own demise. Achebe shows the reader that acting â€Å"manly† doesn’t necessarily make one a man. By simplifying the issues within Umuofian society and the conflicted Okonkwo, Achebe paints a clear picture of the consequences of closed-minded societies, and the people who exist within those societies. Okonkwo and his Umuofian society are strong believers in tradition, and continually ignore the need for change throughout the novel. In a deal with a neighboring village, Okonkwo becomes the illegitimate father to a boy named Ikemefuna. Over time, Okonkwo comes to accept the boy, finding him to be an ideal son. While Okonkwo is fond of the boy, he never shows any affection toward Ikemefuna. After three years of living with Okonkwo and his family in Umuofia, Ikemefuna is murdered by the man that he treated as his father and other men in the village simply because the â€Å"Oracle† told a village elder that the boy must die. Rather than challenge what his society is doing, Okonkwo goes along with his clansmen and takes part in the death of Ikemefuna. In his dying moments, Ikemefuna runs to Okonkwo for protection, but Okonkwo kills Ikemefuna because he refuses to question the ideals of his fellow villagers, and does not want to appear weak. After Okonkwo is exiled from Umuofia for accidentally killing another young man in the village, the reader still sees a reluctance to embrace change in society. Now living in his motherland, Mbanto, Okonkwo and his family are met with missionaries that have travelled to the village to share Christian beliefs with the villagers. The missionaries preach about the danger of worshipping false gods. The villagers reject the missionaries’ beliefs, simply because it is not what their fathers and grandfathers believed. The people of Mbanta cling to their pagan religion with complete closed-mindedness, rejecting the Holy Trinity and any other beliefs that differ from the traditional beliefs of their ancestors. Reverend James Smith, who is the leader of the missionaries, has his church burned to the ground because one of the villagers who converted to Christianity unmasked an egwugwu during a pagan ceremony, which the villagers believe to be the same as killing an ancestral spirit. Rather than be open-minded to other religions and beliefs, the villagers reject anything that is not what they are used to believing. They burn down Reverent Smith’s church to get rid of the villagers, and the new ideas that they preached. Okonkwo is not accepting at all of anything that seems feminine to him.   Okonkwo sets very strict boundaries with his daughter, Ezinma, simply because she is female. Even though it is his daughter, Ezinma, that knows her father the best, and that Okonkwo feels closest to, he keeps her at arms length. The feelings that Okonkwo has for his daughter are illustrated in the passage that states, â€Å"Okonkwo was very lucky in his daughters. He never stopped regretting that Ezinma was a girl (Achebe 172)†. Because Ezinma was a girl, even though she probably understood her father the best of any of his children, he pushed her away and avoided a close, loving relationship with her simply because of her gender. By pushing away Ezinma, Okonkwo is passing by a great opportunity to get to know his daughter and have a closer relationship with her. Simply because she is a female, he rebuffs her attempts to have such a relationship with her father. Another example of Okonkwo’s intolerance for â€Å"womanly† things is within his relationship with his son, Nwoye. Nwoye decides that he is going to go against his father’s wishes, and join the missionaries. Upon learning of Nwoye’s decision, Okonkwo sits down with his sons and tells them that, â€Å"I will only have a son who is a man, who will hold his head up among my people. If any one of you prefers to be a woman let him follow Nwoye now while I am alive so that I can curse him (Achebe 172)†. Okonkwo would rather drive away his own flesh and blood than to have them be who they really are, and accepting them for all that they are, and all that they aren’t. By pushing away his son simply because his aspirations differ from those that Okonkwo would have for him, Okonkwo is creating a very large crack in the foundation of his family. Once a child is told that his father isn’t proud of him, it is very difficult to rebuild any relationship. Okonkwo would rather maintain a â€Å"manly† appearance than accept his family for who they are. Chinua Achebe’s novel, â€Å"Things Fall Apart† addresses the always controversial issue of tradition versus change, and shows his readers how a failure to be open-minded and accepting of new ideas can lead a one into a vicious cycle of making mistakes. Achebe also addresses the issue of masculinity versus femininity in the novel. Through the actions of his main character, Okonkwo, the reader realizes that simply because a man is â€Å"tough† does not necessarily mean that he is a good, respectable man, even if he is highly regarded within his own society. Achebe’s novel brings these issues that exist within African society, and allows the reader to see the consequences of rejecting change through the absolute demise of the main character of the story, Okonkwo, and the subsequent effects of rejecting new ideas and beliefs on society in general. Works Cited Achebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart. New York: Anchor Books, 1994.

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